Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship?

Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

According to the Battelle R&D Magazine, U.S. companies, government agencies, and universities
invest more than $465 billion annually in research and development (R&D). Small companies
are an important part of the total R&D picture. One study by the Small Business Administration
reports that small companies produce 16 times more patents per employee than their larger rivals.
What is the entrepreneurial “secret” for creating value in the marketplace? In reality, the “secret”
is no secret at all: It is applying creativity and innovation to solve problems and to exploit opportunities
that people face every day.

creativity and innovation

Creativity and innovation

 Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover
new ways of looking at problems and opportunities. Innovation is the ability to apply creative
solutions to those problems and opportunities to enhance or enrich people’s lives. Harvard’s Ted
Levitt says creativity is thinking new things and innovation is doing new things. In short, entrepreneurs
succeed by thinking and doing new things or old things in new ways. Simply having
a great new idea is not enough; transforming the idea into a tangible product, service, or business
venture is the essential next step. “Big ideas are just that—ideas—until you execute,” says
Krisztina Holly, an entrepreneur who serves on the National Advisory Council for Innovation and
Entrepreneurship.

Successful entrepreneurs 

Successful entrepreneurs develop new ideas, products, and services that solve a problem
or fill a need and, in doing so, create value for their customers and wealth for themselves. As
management legend Peter Drucker said, “Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurs,
the act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.”4 In a world that is changing
faster than most of us ever could have imagined, creativity and innovation are vital to a company’s
success—and ultimate survival. That’s true for businesses in every industry—from automakers to
tea growers—and for companies of all sizes. A recent survey by Adobe of people in the world’s
five largest economies reports that 80 percent of people believe unlocking creative potential is
the key to economic and societal growth, yet only one in four people say they are living up to
their creative potential.

Some surveys

 In addition, the survey reveals a creativity gap, in which 75 percent of
creativity
the ability to develop new
ideas and to discover new
ways of looking at problems
and opportunities.
innovation
the ability to apply creative
solutions to problems and
opportunities to enhance or
to enrich people’s lives
respondents say they are under increasing pressure to be productive rather than creative; yet just
25 percent of their work time is devoted to creativity. The primary barrier to creativity on the job?
Lack of time. In addition, 59 percent of the survey’s respondents say their educational systems
stifle individual creativity.

Description

Entrepreneurship has traditionally been defined as the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which typically begins as a small business, such as a startup company, offering a product, process or service for sale or hire, and the people who do so are called 'entrepreneurs'. It has been defined as the "...capacity and willingness to develop, organize, and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit."While definitions of entrepreneurship typically focus on the launching and running of businesses, due to the high risks involved in launching a start-up, a significant proportion of businesses have to close, due to a "...lack of funding, bad business decisions, an economic crisis -- or a combination of all of these" or due to lack of market demand. In the 2000s, the definition of "entrepreneurship" has been expanded to explain how and why some individuals (or teams) identify opportunities, evaluate them as viable, and then decide to exploit them, whereas others do not, and, in turn, how entrepreneurs use these opportunities to develop new products or services, launch new firms or even new industries and create wealth. Recent advances stress the fundamentally uncertain nature of the entrepreneurial process, because although opportunities exist their existence cannot be discovered or identified prior to their actualization into profits . What appears as a real opportunity ex ante might actually be a non-opportunity or one that cannot be actualized by entrepreneurs lacking the necessary business skills, financial or social capital.

Traditionally, an entrepreneur has been defined as "a person who starts, organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk". "Rather than working as an employee, an entrepreneur runs a small business and assumes all the risk and reward of a given business venture, idea, or good or service offered for sale. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as a business leader and innovator of new ideas and business processes." Entrepreneurs tend to be good at perceiving new business opportunities and they often exhibit positive biases in their perception (i.e., a bias towards finding new possibilities and seeing unmet market needs) and a pro-risk-taking attitude that makes them more likely to exploit the opportunity.

An entrepreneur is typically in control of a commercial undertaking, directing the factors of production–the human, financial and material resources–that are required to exploit a business opportunity. They act as the manager and oversee the launch and growth of an enterprise. Entrepreneurship is the process by which an individual (or team) identifies a business opportunity and acquires and deploys the necessary resources required for its exploitation. The exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities may include actions such as developing a business plan, hiring the human resources, acquiring financial and material resources, providing leadership, and being responsible for the venture's success or failure. Economist Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950) stated that the role of the entrepreneur in the economy is "creative destruction"–launching innovations that simultaneously destroy old industries while ushering in new industries and approaches. For Schumpeter, the changes and "dynamic disequilibrium brought on by the innovating entrepreneur ... [are] the ‘norm’ of a healthy economy."

"Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking." While entrepreneurship is often associated with new, small, for-profit start-ups, entrepreneurial behavior can be seen in small-, medium- and large-sized firms, new and established firms and in for-profit and not-for-profit organizations, including voluntary sector groups, charitable organizations and government. For example, in the 2000s, the field of social entrepreneurship has been identified, in which entrepreneurs combine business activities with humanitarian, environmental or community goals.

Entrepreneurship typically operates within an entrepreneurship ecosystem which often includes government programs and services that promote entrepreneurship and support entrepreneurs and start-ups; non-governmental organizations such as small business associations and organizations that offer advice and mentoring to entrepreneurs (e.g., through entrepreneurship centers or websites); small business advocacy organizations that lobby the government for increased support for entrepreneurship programs and more small business-friendly laws and regulations; entrepreneurship resources and facilities (e.g., business incubators and seed accelerators); entrepreneurship education and training programs offered by schools, colleges and universities; and financing (e.g., bank loans, venture capital financing, angel investing, and government and private foundation grants). The strongest entrepreneurship ecosystems are those found in top entrepreneurship hubs such as Silicon Valley, New York City, Boston, Singapore, Berlin, and other such locations where there are clusters of leading high-tech firms, top research universities, and venture capitalists.[14] In the 2010s, entrepreneurship can be studied in college or university as part of the disciplines of management or business administration.Courtesy of wikipedia....